Missing GRUB Config in Linux

Having recently written up how to restore GRUB to a missing / corrupted
master boot record (MBR), it seemed appropriate to follow up with
resolving a missing GRUB config file.  Our host details for this
situation are:

Removing / Recovering an Open File (Linux)

Following up on "Removing / Recovering an Open File (Solaris)," the aim
here is to do the same with Linux.  The setup is the same, wherein a
'tail' is run in another terminal to hold open a file descriptor to a
file, while said file is accidentally removed.  Though the following

Fix a Broken chmod, or How to chmod chmod

So here's the setup.  You've logged into one of your servers to update
permissions on a file only to see this:

        server [0] /bin/chmod +x /opt/somefile

Removing / Recovering an Open File (Solaris)

While working with filesystems, one will inevitably have to deal with a
file that is quickly growing and becoming unmanageable.  Unfortunately,
this situation normally becomes evident because the space of a volume
has been nearly exhausted.  If retention is necessary, you could set up