Once a system is built and begins to be used, undoubtedly, more files
are added to the system. These files may be logs, user / application
created files, files that are part of a package, or those compiled
from source. When poking around a system, one may stumble across a file
that was installed by a package though either the package is unknown toare added to the system. These files may be logs, user / application
created files, files that are part of a package, or those compiled
from source. When poking around a system, one may stumble across a file
the individual or is not readily identifiable. Solaris, FreeBSD, and
Linux provide a means of tying together a file to a package (should it
belong to one). To relate /usr/bin/ksh back to a package in Solaris,
pkgchk can be used:
sunhost [0] /usr/sbin/pkgchk -l -p /usr/bin/ksh
Type: regular file
Expected mode: 0555
Expected owner: root
Expected group: bin
Expected file size (bytes): 201076
Expected sum(1) of contents: 46306
Expected last modification: Apr 20 04:41:16 PM 2005
Referenced by the following packages:
SUNWcsu
Current status: installed
The -p option tells pkgchk to check the path of the file specified while
-l effectively tells pkgchk to display that information. In the above
example, aside from just getting the packages that reference this file
(SUNWcsu), the output also contains other file information including size,
ownership, etc.
While producing effectively the same output in FreeBSD is slightly more
involved, it can be easily accomplished via both pkg_info and stat:
bsdhost [0] /usr/sbin/pkg_info -W /usr/local/bin/ksh
/usr/local/bin/ksh was installed by package pdksh-5.2.14p2
bsdhost [0] /usr/bin/stat -x /usr/local/bin/ksh
File: "/usr/local/bin/ksh"
Size: 594272 FileType: Regular File
Mode: (0555/-r-xr-xr-x) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ wheel)
Device: 4,17 Inode: 405874 Links: 1
Access: Wed Dec 31 19:00:00 1969
Modify: Sun Apr 3 18:54:04 2005
Change: Fri Jan 13 17:04:45 2006
The -W option to pkg_info only identifies which package, if any, the file
belongs to. Following this up with stat -x allows one to determine the
rest of the output listed within pkgchk from Solaris. The -x to stat
simply states Linux-like output verbosity.
Similar to FreeBSD, determining this information on Linux is a multistep
process. On a host that uses Red Hat Package Manager (rpm), both rpm
and stat can be used to retrieve the same information as that above:
linhost [0] /bin/rpm -qf /bin/ksh
pdksh-5.2.14-21
linhost [0] /usr/bin/stat /bin/ksh
File: `/bin/ksh'
Size: 180884 Blocks: 368 IO Block: 4096 Regular File
Device: 801h/2049d Inode: 304397 Links: 1
Access: (0755/-rwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2006-09-01 17:00:10.000000000 -0400
Modify: 2003-11-19 01:11:27.000000000 -0500
Change: 2005-07-13 15:08:08.000000000 -0400
rpm's -q option sets rpm in query mode with option f specifying the file
in question to query an installed package for. Of note, unlike FreeBSD,
stat does not require any further parameters besides the filename to
provide the above listing.
see also:
Notes on Packages in Solaris 11
