One answer to this is to just extract the entire archive so that I can
get to those particular files. The more precise answer is to simply
extract only those files that I need and place them where I want them.
The following illustrates a few examples of how to do this with various
archive utlities. Our details for this are:
HOSTS: FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris PROMPT: HOST [0] OSes: FreeBSD 8.2, CentOS 6.2 / Red Hat EL 6.2, Solaris 11 ARCHIVE TYPES: tar, cpio, pax, zip NOTES: The details that follow should likely be relevant on previous OS versions and possibly other OSesBefore getting to details, the section for each archive type starts
with the type in uppercase, thus the section for 'tar' is 'TAR'. Also,
the following archival commands are part of the listed packages for the
respective OS:
tar: Solaris: pkg:/system/core-os@0.5.11-0.175.0.0.0.2.1 Solaris (gnu): pkg:/archiver/gnu-tar@1.26-0.175.0.0.0.2.537 Linux: tar-1.23-3.el6.x86_64 FreeBSD: base install cpio: Solaris: pkg:/system/core-os@0.5.11-0.175.0.0.0.2.1 Linux: cpio-2.10-9.el6.x86_64 FreeBSD: base install pax: Solaris: pkg:/system/core-os@0.5.11-0.175.0.0.0.2.1 Linux: pax-3.4-10.1.el6.x86_64 FreeBSD: base install unzip: Solaris: pkg:/compress/unzip@6.0-0.175.0.0.0.2.537 Linux: unzip-6.0-1.el6.x86_64 FreeBSD: unzip-6.0TAR (back to top)
As seen below, I have tarball "app1.0.tar" that I've moved to "/tmp/apps"
and listed the contents of:
FreeBSD [0] pwd /tmp/apps FreeBSD [0] /bin/ls app1.0.tar FreeBSD [0] /usr/bin/tar tvf app1.0.tar drwxr-xr-x 0 root wheel 0 Jan 28 19:16 app1.0/ drwxr-xr-x 0 root wheel 0 Jan 28 19:17 app1.0/bin/ drwxr-xr-x 0 root wheel 0 Jan 28 19:17 app1.0/etc/ -rw-r--r-- 0 root wheel 1839 Jan 16 18:01 app1.0/etc/soc.conf -rw-r--r-- 0 root wheel 1699 Jan 16 18:01 app1.0/etc/README -r-xr--r-- 0 root wheel 77151 Jan 16 18:01 app1.0/bin/audit.soc -rwxr-xr-x 0 root wheel 8484 Jan 16 18:01 app1.0/bin/flud -rwxr-xr-x 0 root wheel 19507 Jan 16 18:01 app1.0/bin/getldp.pl -r-xr-xr-x 0 root wheel 40729 Jan 16 18:01 app1.0/bin/ioDev -rwxr-xr-x 0 root wheel 2399 Jan 16 18:01 app1.0/bin/ipfwstate -rwxr-xr-x 0 root wheel 4054 Jan 16 18:01 app1.0/bin/locate_path.ksh -r-xr-xr-x 0 root wheel 13433 Jan 16 18:01 app1.0/bin/lprtdiag.pl -r-xr-xr-x 0 root wheel 4663 Jan 16 18:01 app1.0/bin/op82dec.pl -rwxr-xr-x 0 root wheel 634 Jan 16 18:01 app1.0/bin/randpass -r-xr-xr-x 0 root wheel 25902 Jan 16 18:01 app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl -rwxr-xr-x 0 root wheel 4427 Jan 16 18:01 app1.0/bin/what_ports <snip...>Given the above, I only want to extract 'getldp.pl' and 'lprtdiag.pl'.
The following commands will extract these two files into the directory
structures under which they are found in the tarball:
FreeBSD [0] /usr/bin/tar xf app1.0.tar app1.0/bin/getldp.pl *lprtdiag.pl Linux [0] /bin/tar xf app1.0.tar app1.0/bin/getldp.pl *lprtdiag.pl Solaris [0] /usr/bin/tar xf app1.0.tar `/usr/bin/tar tf app1.0.tar | > /usr/bin/grep 'lprtdiag.pl'` app1.0/bin/getldp.plThe flags to 'tar' are "x" (extract) and "f" (from file app1.0.tar).
Unfortunately, the default 'tar' command in Solaris doesn't handle
wildcards well, thus as a file pattern option, we've reread the tarball
and used 'grep' to identify 'lprtdiag.pl'. If we used the gnu version
of 'tar' instead, we can use wildcards as we did with FreeBSD and Linux
("--wildcards" enables wildcards to be used on Solaris with gnu 'tar'):
Solaris [0] /usr/gnu/bin/tar xf app1.0.tar --wildcards app1.0/bin/getldp.pl *lprtdiag.plIn each of the above commands, we've provided the direct path for
'getldp.pl' and simply wildcarded 'lprtdiag.pl'. Our end result is only
these files are extracted from tarball and placed into their respective
file paths that 'tar' was kind enough to create for us:
FreeBSD [0] /usr/bin/tar xf app1.0.tar app1.0/bin/getldp.pl *lprtdiag.pl FreeBSD [0] /usr/bin/find . -print FreeBSD [0] /bin/find . -print . ./app1.0.tar ./app1.0 ./app1.0/bin ./app1.0/bin/getldp.pl ./app1.0/bin/lprtdiag.plThis is fine if we don't mind our files extracted to their contained
paths, but now I simply want the files to be dropped into the present
directory. To do this, we can add "--strip components N" to the command,
which will remove "N" number leading components, in this case 2 of them.
(This will not work with the default Solaris 'tar', though it will work
with the gnu version.):
FreeBSD [0] /usr/bin/tar xf app1.0.tar --strip-components 2 *ioDev app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl Linux [0] /bin/tar xf app1.0.tar --strip-components 2 *ioDev app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl Solaris [0] /usr/gnu/bin/tar xf app1.0.tar --wildcards --strip-components 2 \ > *ioDev app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl FreeBSD [0] /usr/bin/find . -print . ./app1.0.tar ./app1.0 ./app1.0/bin ./app1.0/bin/getldp.pl ./app1.0/bin/lprtdiag.pl ./ioDev ./showdisk.pl FreeBSD [0]
CPIO (back to top)
Like our 'tar' example, I have cpio archive "app1.0.cpio" that I've
moved to "/tmp/apps" and listed the contents of:
Linux [0] pwd /tmp/apps Linux [0] /bin/ls app1.0.cpio Linux [0] /bin/cpio -itvF app1.0.cpio FreeBSD [0] /usr/bin/cpio -itvF app1.0.cpio Solaris [0] /usr/bin/cpio -itvI app1.0.cpio drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 0 Jan 28 19:16 app1.0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Jan 28 19:17 app1.0/bin -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19507 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/getldp.pl -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 634 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/randpass -r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 40729 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/ioDev -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2399 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/ipfwstate -r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 25902 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4427 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/what_ports -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8484 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/flud -r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 4663 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/op82dec.pl -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4054 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/locate_path.ksh -r-xr--r-- 1 root root 77151 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/audit.soc -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 488 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/transdate.perl -r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 13433 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/lprtdiag.pl drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Jan 28 19:17 app1.0/etc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1839 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/etc/soc.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1699 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/etc/README <snip...> 466 blocksOf note, the traditional handling of cpio archives is to use redirects,
as in:
Linux [0] /bin/cpio -itv < app1.0.cpioThe "-I" flag in Solaris and the "-F" flag in Linux and FreeBSD allows
us to specify the cpio archive rather than using redirects. Either way
is acceptable, it's your choice. Moving along, to extract 'op82dec.pl'
and 'getldp.pl' into their archive contained directory structures:
Linux [0] /bin/cpio -F app1.0.cpio -idv *op82dec.pl app1.0/bin/getldp.pl FreeBSD [0] /usr/bin/cpio -F app1.0.cpio -idv *op82dec.pl app1.0/bin/getldp.pl Solaris [0] /usr/bin/cpio -I app1.0.cpio -idv *op82dec.pl app1.0/bin/getldp.pl app1.0/bin/getldp.pl app1.0/bin/op82dec.pl 466 blocks Linux [0] /bin/find . -print . ./app1.0.cpio ./app1.0 ./app1.0/bin ./app1.0/bin/getldp.pl ./app1.0/bin/op82dec.plThe flags to 'cpio' are "-i" (extract), "-d" (to create leading
directories as needed), and "-v" (list files as they are processed).
Assuming that I want to extract a few files into my current directory
(or anywhere else for that matter), "-r" will allow me to interactively
rename the files to be extracted, including directory paths:
Linux [0] /bin/cpio -F app1.0.cpio -ivr *ioDev app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl FreeBSD [0] /usr/bin/cpio -F app1.0.cpio -ivr *ioDev *app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl Solaris [0] /usr/bin/cpio -I app1.0.cpio -ivr *ioDev app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl Rename "app1.0/bin/ioDev"? ioDev ioDev Rename "app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl"? showdisk.pl showdisk.pl 408 blocks Linux [0] /bin/find . -print . ./app1.0.cpio ./app1.0 ./app1.0/bin ./app1.0/bin/getldp.pl ./app1.0/bin/op82dec.pl ./ioDev ./showdisk.pl Linux [0]It's notable, that for some reason under FreeBSD while using "-r",
I needed to precede the path for 'showdisk.pl' with a wildcard (*).
PAX (back to top)
To start, pax doesn't really have its own archive format, instead it is a
utility capable of handling several archive formats. The default format
is "ustar". With that, we have a "pax" archive that I've placed under
"/tmp/apps" and listed its contents:
Linux [0] pwd /tmp/apps Linux [0] /bin/ls app1.0.pax Linux [0] /usr/bin/pax -vf app1.0.pax FreeBSD [0] /bin/pax -vf app1.0.pax Solaris [0] /usr/bin/pax -vf app1.0.pax drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Jan 28 19:16 app1.0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Jan 28 19:17 app1.0/bin -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19507 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/getldp.pl -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 634 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/randpass -r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 40729 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/ioDev -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2399 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/ipfwstate -r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 25902 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4427 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/what_ports -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8484 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/flud -r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 4663 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/op82dec.pl -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4054 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/locate_path.ksh -r-xr--r-- 1 root root 77151 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/audit.soc -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 488 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/transdate.perl -r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 13433 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/bin/lprtdiag.pl drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Jan 28 19:17 app1.0/etc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1839 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/etc/soc.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1699 Jan 16 16:32 app1.0/etc/README <snip...> pax: ustar vol 1, 22 files, 256000 bytes read, 0 bytes written.To simply extract 'getldp.pl' and 'lprtdiag.pl' into their archive
contained directory structures, we can use the following:
Linux [0] /usr/bin/pax -rvf app1.0.pax app1.0/bin/getldp.pl *lprtdiag.pl FreeBSD [0] /bin/pax -rvf app1.0.pax app1.0/bin/getldp.pl *lprtdiag.pl Solaris [0] /usr/bin/pax -rvf app1.0.pax app1.0/bin/getldp.pl \ > `/usr/bin/pax -f app1.0.pax | /usr/bin/grep 'lprtdiag.pl'` app1.0/bin/getldp.pl app1.0/bin/lprtdiag.pl pax: ustar vol 1, 22 files, 256000 bytes read, 0 bytes written. Linux [0] /bin/find . -print . ./app1.0.pax ./app1.0 ./app1.0/bin ./app1.0/bin/getldp.pl ./app1.0/bin/lprtdiag.pl(Of note, 'pax' doesn't handle wildcards very well under Solaris.
Like we did earlier with 'tar', as a file pattern option, we've reread
the archive and used 'grep' to identify 'lprtdiag.pl'.) The options to
'pax' are "-r" (read/extract), "-v" (list the files being processed), and
"-f" (from file "app1.0.pax"). By adding the "-s" flag, as seen below,
we can use a basic regex to rename the files or paths. This allows us
to extract 'ioDev' and 'showdisk.pl' to our current directory:
Linux [0] /usr/bin/pax -rs :app1.0/bin/::p -vf app1.0.pax \ > app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl *ioDev FreeBSD [0] /bin/pax -rs :app1.0/bin/::p -vf app1.0.pax \ > app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl *ioDev FreeBSD [0] /bin/pax -rs :app1.0/bin/::p -vf app1.0.pax \ > app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl `/usr/bin/pax -f app1.0.pax | /usr/bin/grep 'ioDev'` app1.0/bin/ioDev >> ioDev ioDev app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl >> showdisk.pl showdisk.pl pax: ustar vol 1, 22 files, 256000 bytes read, 0 bytes written. Linux [0] /bin/find . -print . ./app1.0.pax ./app1.0 ./app1.0/bin ./app1.0/bin/getldp.pl ./app1.0/bin/lprtdiag.pl ./ioDev ./showdisk.pl Linux [0]In the regex pattern above, any non-null character can be a delimiter,
I've used ":". The "p" (optional) at the end of the regex pattern will
print the result of the substitution pattern to STDERR, thus:
app1.0/bin/ioDev >> ioDev
ZIP (back to top)
Seen below, I've placed zip file "app1.0.zip" under "/tmp/apps" and
listed its contents:
Solaris [0] pwd /tmp/apps Solaris [0] /usr/bin/ls app1.0.zip Solaris [0] /usr/bin/unzip -l app1.0.zip Linux [0] /usr/bin/unzip -l app1.0.zip FreeBSD [0] /usr/local/bin/unzip -l app1.0.zip Archive: app1.0.zip Length Date Time Name --------- ---------- ----- ---- 0 01-29-2012 10:33 app1.0/ 0 01-29-2012 10:34 app1.0/etc/ 1699 01-16-2012 17:09 app1.0/etc/README 1839 01-16-2012 17:09 app1.0/etc/soc.conf 0 01-29-2012 11:40 app1.0/bin/ 2399 01-16-2012 17:09 app1.0/bin/ipfwstate 19507 01-16-2012 17:09 app1.0/bin/getldp.pl 77151 01-16-2012 17:09 app1.0/bin/audit.soc 40729 01-16-2012 17:09 app1.0/bin/ioDev 13433 01-16-2012 17:09 app1.0/bin/lprtdiag.pl 634 01-16-2012 17:09 app1.0/bin/randpass 4427 01-16-2012 17:09 app1.0/bin/what_ports 4054 01-16-2012 17:09 app1.0/bin/locate_path.ksh 4663 01-16-2012 17:09 app1.0/bin/op82dec.pl 25902 01-16-2012 17:09 app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl 8484 01-16-2012 17:09 app1.0/bin/flud 488 01-16-2012 17:09 app1.0/bin/transdate.perl --------- ------- 205409 17 filesThe following extracts 'getldp.pl' and 'lprtdiag.pl' to their archive
contained directory structures:
Solaris [0] /usr/bin/unzip app1.0.zip app1.0/bin/getldp.pl *lprtdiag.pl Linux [0] /usr/bin/unzip app1.0.zip app1.0/bin/getldp.pl *lprtdiag.pl FreeBSD [0] /usr/local/bin/unzip app1.0.zip app1.0/bin/getldp.pl *lprtdiag.pl Archive: app1.0.zip inflating: app1.0/bin/getldp.pl inflating: app1.0/bin/lprtdiag.pl Solaris [0] /usr/bin/find . -print . ./app1.0.zip ./app1.0 ./app1.0/bin ./app1.0/bin/getldp.pl ./app1.0/bin/lprtdiag.plIf instead, I wanted to extract files 'showdisk.pl' and 'ioDev' to
the current directory structure, I can use "-j" which suppresses the
directory creation:
Solaris [0] /usr/bin/unzip -j app1.0.zip *ioDev app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl Linux [0] /usr/bin/unzip -j app1.0.zip *ioDev app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl FreeBSD [0] /usr/local/bin/unzip -j app1.0.zip *ioDev app1.0/bin/showdisk.pl Archive: app1.0.zip inflating: ioDev inflating: showdisk.pl Solaris [0] /usr/bin/find . -print . ./app1.0.zip ./app1.0 ./app1.0/bin ./app1.0/bin/getldp.pl ./app1.0/bin/lprtdiag.pl ./ioDev ./showdisk.pl Solaris [0]
